[P-019] タイ街区開発を対象としたポジティブエナジーディストリクト（PEDs）コンセプト適用に関する検討

APINYA PUAPATTANAKUL Apinya Puapattanakul

公開日時

2024/03/07 - PM22:30

更新日時

2024/03/07 - PM22:43

スライド概要

Nowadays, Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) concept is mainly applied in EU countries. The PEDs is powerful for energy and environmental management in focused areas that aim to transition towards carbon neutrality. Thailand is in a tropical climate that differs from the EU in many aspects. Therefore, assess the feasibility of building PEDs methodologies in Thailand’s developing focus area compared to European cases will be investigated. This study aims to utilize university campuses in Thailand and Japan as microcosms of cities. The study anticipates proposing insights into: 1) energy transfer dynamics among the focal buildings, and 2) the influence of building design on energy consumption through simulation modeling. Furthermore, the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), under the Ministry of Energy of Thailand, has introduced the Ministerial Regulation on Designated Building Types, Sizes, Standards, Criteria, and Methods for Energy Conservation Building Design B.E. 2563 (2020), also known as the Building Energy Code (BEC), as part of the National Energy Efficiency Plan 2018 (EEP 2018-2037). The study outcomes can serve as actionable measures to facilitate the achievement of these targets, guiding pertinent stakeholders towards the transition to more sustainable and resilient urban environments in Thailand and across Asia.

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タイ街区開発を対象としたポジティブエナジーディストリクト（PEDs）コンセプト適用に関する検討 Study on Applying Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) concept in Thailand PRELIMINARY DATA Globally, there is a pressing need to enhance energy efficiency and expand the use of renewable energy sources to align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and attain carbon neutrality objectives. However, electricity consumption is escalating due to rapid urbanization, economic growth, and improved living standards, leading to heightened emissions from energy usage. The concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) is related to SDG7 and SDG13. Figure 1 presents the overview of PEDs. 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Aug Nov Jan 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 0:00 1:20 2:40 4:00 5:20 6:40 8:00 9:20 10:40 12:00 13:20 14:40 16:00 17:20 18:40 20:00 21:20 22:40 0:00 INTRODUCTION Figure 4 illustrates the daily load profiles of buildings N17 and N20. N17, a six-floor building spanning 10,263 m2, exhibits an electricity consumption of approximately 3,000 kWh/day (≈ 0.29 kWh/ m2). While N20, a five-floor structure covering 9,200 m2, consumes around 1,100 kWh/day (≈ 0.12 kWh/ m2). Energy consumption (kWh) Applied Environmental and Information Studies Advisor: Prof. Dr. Genku KAYO E-mail: g2393004@tcu.ac.jp 1) Electricity demand 0:00 1:25 2:50 4:15 5:40 7:05 8:30 9:55 11:20 12:45 14:10 15:35 17:00 18:25 19:50 21:15 22:40 (Apinya PUAPATTANAKUL) Electricity demand and supply data are essential for energy simulation purposes. Energy consumption (kWh) アピンヤープアパッタナクン Feb Aug Nov (a) N17 Jan Feb (b) N20 2) Electricity supply N16 has been equipped with a 40-kilowatt solar PV panel on its roof, as depicted in Figure 2. The electricity production varies, averaging around 160 kWh/day, depending on the weather conditions, as illustrated in Figure 5. Solar energy production (kWh) Figure 4: Daily electricity consumption (kWh) of Building N17 and N20. 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Jan Jul Feb Aug Mar Sep Apr Oct May Nov Jun Dec Figure 5: Solar energy production of building N16. 3) Indoor and outdoor environment quality However, PEDs are mainly studied in the European Union (EU), so further research and scholarly discourse are warranted, particularly concerning the adaptation of PEDs across diverse geographical, social, and economic landscapes. Given the distinct characteristics of the EU, Japan, and Thailand, it is imperative to explore the Asian context comprehensively. The smart city paradigm plays a pivotal role in reducing CO2 emissions in urban locales, leveraging smart technology and innovation to address social and environmental challenges. Research on PEDs offers a potent solution to curb carbon emissions and ensure a more resilient and secure energy provision. The PEDs reference framework should encompass various dimensions to comprehensively address energy production, energy efficiency, and energy flexibility within the context of social, environmental, and economic considerations to foster social acceptance in the future. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 [°C], [%] 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 The official PEDs definition by IEA EBC Annex 83 is “PEDs are energy-efficient districts with net zero greenhouse gas emissions and an annual positive energy balance. They prioritise the use of local renewable energy and resources. They seek to optimise the interaction and integration between buildings, the users, mobility, energy, and ICT systems. PEDs strive to bring positive impacts to the wider energy system as well as social, economic, and environmental benefits to the communities.” The dataset on building measures indoor and outdoor environmental quality can be utilized in simulation methods to enhance comprehension. Figure 6 shows the indoor air quality of classroom in campus buildings. [ppm] Figure 1: Positive Energy Districts concept (© 2023 by IEA EBC Annex 83) CO2 [ppm] Temperature [C] Humidity [%] (a) Indoor air quality of the classroom in N17, KMUTT, Thailand (b) Indoor air quality of the classroom in TCU, Japan Figure 6: Indoor air quality of the classroom in campuses. EXPECTED RESULTS The study anticipates proposing insights into: 1) energy transfer dynamics among the focal buildings, and 2) the influence of building design on energy consumption through simulation modeling. The envisaged outcome is an evaluation of the potential and feasibility of implementing PED methodologies to advance sustainable energy practices, elucidating the prospects, challenges, key impediments, and opportunities in Thai and Asian contexts compared to European cases. METHODOLOGY Figure 7: Energy saving target and the standards, criteria, and methods for designing energy-efficient buildings under EEP 2018. Figure 2: King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand Note: Figure of the KMUTT’s building adapted from Smart building in KMUTT Sustainability [1] Note: Adapted from Building Energy Code (BEC), Thailand [2] Furthermore, the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), under the Ministry of Energy of Thailand, has introduced the Ministerial Regulation on Designated Building Types, Sizes, Standards, Criteria, and Methods for Energy Conservation Building Design B.E. 2563 (2020), also known as the Building Energy Code (BEC), as part of the National Energy Efficiency Plan 2018 (EEP 2018-2037). This regulation targets a significant energy saving of 1,574 ktoe by 2037 as shown in Figure 7. Therefore, the study outcomes can serve as actionable measures to facilitate the achievement of these targets, guiding pertinent stakeholders towards the transition to more sustainable and resilient urban environments in Thailand and across Asia. Figure 3: Tokyo City University (TCU), Yokohama Campus, Kanagawa, Japan This study aims to utilize university campuses in Thailand and Japan as microcosms of cities. King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) will represent the Thai case, while Tokyo City University (TCU), Yokohama campus, will serve as the Japanese counterpart. Specifically, the study will focus on 3 buildings (N16, N17, and N20) out of 24 on the KMUTT campus, along with a classroom building at TCU as shown in Figure 2 and 3, respectively. Subsequently, PED modelling will be conducted utilizing campus building datasets and a building performance simulation platform. References [1] KMUTT Sustainability, Smart Building, accessed 26 February 2024, from https://sustainable.kmutt.ac.th [2] Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), The Ministry of Energy, Thailand, Building Energy Code (BEC), from https://bec.dede.go.th/ Acknowledgements The author would like to express sincere appreciation to Mr. Preecha Aregarot, Head of the Sustainability Development Department at the Office of Building and Ground Management, KMUTT, for his invaluable guidance and support regarding data and expertise in KMUTT sustainable and smart building initiatives.